What does Viagra do, exactly?

It gets the blood flowing. Erections are the result of increased blood flow into the spongy tissues of the penis. Tens of millions of men have difficulty sustaining an erection, a problem that can worsen with age and such health problems as diabetes and “hardening of the arteries,” or atherosclerosis.

Viagra and the other impotency drugs set off a chemical reaction in the bloodstream that produces nitric oxide, a neurotransmitter that opens up blood vessels—which is vital to erections and other physical responses. Back in the 1980s, Pfizer scientists were actually looking at the main ingredient in Viagra, sildenafil citrate, as a treatment for high blood pressure and angina.

But after test subjects started exhibiting rather prominent side effects, researchers’ attention shifted. The results, say medical experts and sociologists alike, were nothing short of revolutionary.

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